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Synthesis of crystals and particles by crystallization and polymerization in droplet-based microfluidic devices

Jingtao WANG, Jin ZHANG, Junjie HAN,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 26-36 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0292-4

摘要： The recent advances in crystallization and polymerization assisted by droplet-based microfluidics to synthesize micro-particles and micro-crystals are reviewed in this paper. Droplet-based microfluidic devices are powerful tools to execute some precise controls and operations on the flow inside microchannels by adjusting fluid dynamics parameters to produce monodisperse emulsions or multiple-emulsions of various materials. Major features of this technique are producing particles of monodispersity to control the shape of particles in a new level, and to generate droplets of diverse materials including aqueous solutions, gels and polymers. Numerous microfluidic devices have been employed to generate monodisperse droplets of range from nm to μm, such as T junctions, flow-focusing devices and co-flow or cross-flow capillaries. These discrete, independently controllable droplets are ideal microreactors to be manipulated in the channels to synthesize the nanocrystals, protein crystals, polymer particles and microcapsules. The generated monodisperse particles or crystals are to meet different technical demands in many fields, such as crystal engineering, encapsulation and drug delivery systems. Microfluidic devices are promising tools in the synthesis of micron polymer particles that have diverse applications such as the photonic materials, ion-exchange and chromatography columns, and field-responsive rheological fluids. Processes assisted by microfluidic devices are able to produce the polymer particles (including Janus particles) with precise control over their sizes, size distribution, morphology and compositions. The technology of microfluidics has also been employed to generate core-shell microcapsules and solid microgels with precise controlled sizes and inner structures. The chosen “smart” materials are sensitive to an external stimulus such as the change of the pH, electric field and temperature. These complex particles are also able to be functionalized by encapsulating nanoparticles of special functions and by attaching some special groups like targeting ligands. The nucleation kinetics of some crystals like KNO was investigated in different microfluidic devices. Because of the elimination of the interactions among crystallites in bulk systems, using independent droplets may help to measure the nucleation rate more accurately. In structural biology, the droplets produced in microfluidic devices provide ideal platforms for protein crystallization on the nanoliter scale. Therefore, they become one of the promising tools to screen the optimal conditions of protein crystallization.

关键词： core-shell     monodisperse     nucleation     Microfluidic     different technical    

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Pathway to energy technical innovation and commercialization based on Internet plus DES

Huiping LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 65-78 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0391-5

摘要： The distributed energy system (DES) is a type of energy cascade utilization on the client side or close to the client, and it has become an important option of global energy transformation. In China, based on the experience of demonstration projects, the DES is now being commercialized. Under the new opportunity of energy production and consumption promoted by the national “Internet Plus” action plan, the development of the DES was reviewed in this paper; four categories of market demand and five key issues for DES deployment were analyzed; five types of potential DES users and five key points of technical path implementation proposed based on many years of engineering practices and hundreds of project case studies were proposed. 4E elements should be used to evaluate and choose the project and lead the innovation model of DES by energy production and consumption revolution with the sustainable development of the Internet plus DES. The future innovation models include intelligent energy modularity and menu-type services with the demands of the client side, and the kind of new thinking for DES services that “you are in charge of your own energy production and consumption, while we are also at service when needed for installation and maintenance.” The aim of innovation mode is to give the energy sovereign back to the people, and form a perfect Internet plus DES ecosystem.

关键词： “Internet Plus”     distributed energy system (DES)     business model     technical innovation     commercialization     DES industry ecosystem     energy revolution    

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Family planning technical services in China

Shang-Chun WU

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 285-289 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0097-3

摘要： Family planning is a basic state policy in China. Its aim is to control population growth and to enhance population quality. Technical services are the key measures for implementing the family planning policy. In order to ensure that people use safe, effective, and appropriate contraceptive methods based on the government’s commitment, China has established countrywide family planning service networks down to the township level. The people can access various and convenient contraceptive services. In urban areas, all contraceptive services are free. The contraceptive prevalence rate in 2007 was 84.6%, the percentage of intrauterine device (IUD) was 52.3%, that of female sterilization was 32.3%, and that of vasectomy was 6.1%. This means that more than 90% of married childbearing couples were using long-term contraceptives. At the same time, the government gives priority to supporting research on contraceptive technology. Studies’ results have provided scientific evidence for development, introduction, and expansion of contraceptive methods, and also for establishment and revision of the technical guidelines. Great efforts have been made in promoting “human-oriented and client-centered” services during the recent ten years. Remarkable success has been achieved in improving the quality of technical services.

关键词： family planning     contraceptive method     service delivery    

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Creating technical heritage object replicas in a virtual environment

Olga EGOROVA,Dmitry SHCHERBININ

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第11卷 第1期   页码 108-115 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0363-4

摘要：

The paper presents innovative informatics methods for creating virtual technical heritage replicas, which are of significant scientific and practical importance not only to researchers but to the public in general. By performing 3D modeling and animation of aircrafts, spaceships, architectural-engineering buildings, and other technical objects, the process of learning is achieved while promoting the preservation of the replicas for future generations. Modern approaches based on the wide usage of computer technologies attract a greater number of young people to explore the history of science and technology and renew their interest in the field of mechanical engineering.

关键词： 3D document     history of science and technology     technical knowledge     popularization     virtual environment     replica     mechanism and machine science (MMS)    

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On Social-technical Control of Safety Development in Economic Transition Background

Xue-qiu He,Song Li

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第3期   页码 234-240 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015025

摘要： Industrial safety and economic growth, two vital and inextricable forces affecting national culture and development, are worthy of much more interest and attention than this article can hope to generate. Following economic growth, industrial safety remains as a high priority in this nation’s quest for sustainable development. At present, while China is on its way to transforming its economic structure and growth models, talk of industrial safety appears with special regularity, for it also is undergoing profound changes as an important facet of modern China.

关键词： safety development     economic growth     economic transition     social-technical control    

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IMPACTS OF TECHNICAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE ADOPTION OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND BIOPESTICIDES AMONG FARMERS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第1期   页码 31-47 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023482

摘要：

● Farmer adoption of organic fertilizer and biopesticides was found to be positively correlated.

关键词： biopesticides     green production     organic fertilizer     technical environment    

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Influences of Technical Innovation Mode on Innovation Strategy of Energy Enterprises

Lu Zhang,Dan-dan Wang,Min Wang,Ning Hui

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第3期   页码 283-289 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016048

摘要： Technical innovation is the core for enterprise competence and sustaining. Technical innovation strategy is the policy which the enterprise carries out for technology innovation in a long term. The paper took the practice of the technology innovation strategy in PetroChina Chang- qing Oilfield Company as a case study, and illustrated the significance, function and features of the self-developed technology innovation, cooperation development technology innovation and introduction-innovation based on the strategy structure of the energy enterprises. The suggestions for technology innovation strategy structure for large energy enterprise were proposed in the paper.

关键词： energy enterprise     technical innovation     innovation strategy    

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基于体系能力的舰船装备保障工程规划

朱石坚

《中国工程科学》 2014年 第16卷 第10期   页码 71-76

摘要：

针对舰船装备保障这一复杂巨系统工程管理实际，结合保障能力建设综合性、系统性、复杂性等特点，研究了舰船装备保障目标确定及分解方法，分析了军民融合式保障发展规律和需求，提出了基于装备通用化程度、技术含量、使用频率和保障风险的保障分工决策模型，研究了按体系构建保障能力的管理框架与建设路线。工程实践表明，该方法能够满足新形势对舰船装备保障的要求，有效提高舰船装备保障工程质量和效益，持续保持舰船装备战备完好性水平，实现复杂巨系统工程管理的科学化和规范化。

关键词： 工程管理     舰船装备     技术保障     规划    

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Evaluating R&D efficiency of China’s listed lithium battery enterprises

《工程管理前沿（英文）》   页码 473-485 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0213-5

摘要： Promoting the growth of the lithium battery sector has been a critical aspect of China’s energy policy in terms of achieving carbon neutrality. However, despite significant support on research and development (R&D) investments that have resulted in increasing size, the sector seems to be falling behind in technological areas. To guide future policies and understand proper ways of promoting R&D efficiency, we looked into the lithium battery industry of China. Specifically, data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used as the primary approach based on evidence from 22 listed lithium battery enterprises. The performance of the five leading players was compared with that of the industry as a whole. Results revealed little indication of a meaningful improvement in R&D efficiency throughout our sample from 2010 to 2019. However, during this period, a significant increase in R&D expenditure was witnessed. This finding was supported, as the results showed that the average technical efficiency of the 22 enterprises was 0.442, whereas the average pure technical efficiency was at 0.503, thus suggesting that they were suffering from decreasing returns to scale (DRS). In contrast, the performance of the five leading players seemed superior because their average efficiency scores were higher than the industry’s average. Moreover, they were experiencing increasing scale efficiency (IRS). We draw on these findings to suggest to policymakers that supporting technologically intensive sectors should be more than simply increasing investment scale; rather, it should also encompass assisting businesses in developing efficient managerial processes for R&D.

关键词： Data Envelopment Analysis     R&D investment efficiency     China’s listed lithium battery enterprises     technical efficiency     pure technical efficiency     scale efficiency    

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A review on different theoretical models of electrocaloric effect for refrigeration

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 478-503 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0884-6

摘要： The performance parameters for characterizing the electrocaloric effect are isothermal entropy change and the adiabatic temperature change, respectively. This paper reviews the electrocaloric effect of ferroelectric materials based on different theoretical models. First, it provides four different calculation scales (the first-principle-based effective Hamiltonian, the Landau-Devonshire thermodynamic theory, phase-field simulation, and finite element analysis) to explain the basic theory of calculating the electrocaloric effect. Then, it comprehensively reviews the recent progress of these methods in regulating the electrocaloric effect and the generation mechanism of the electrocaloric effect. Finally, it summarizes and anticipates the exploration of more novel electrocaloric materials based on the framework constructed by the different computational methods.

关键词： electrocaloric effect     effective Hamiltonian     phase-field modeling     different theoretical models    

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Key technical innovations in the construction of Baihetan Hydropower Station Project

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第2期   页码 367-372 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0253-5

摘要： Key technical innovations in the construction of Baihetan Hydropower Station Project

关键词： ultra-high arch dam     columnar jointed basalt     low-heat cement concrete     temperature controlled crack prevention     million-kilowatt unit     intelligent construction    

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中国铁路高速道岔技术研究

何华武

《中国工程科学》 2009年 第11卷 第5期   页码 23-30

摘要：

高速道岔是高速铁路轨道结构的关键，其结构与状态对列车运行安全和运行品质具有重大影响。文章介绍了高速道岔设计参数和平面线形，扣件、岔枕、道岔转换系统等部件主要结构特征，高速道岔设计理论，相关技术条件及取得的创新成果，对于中国高速铁路道岔的进一步研制、试验验证及推广使用具有重要的指导意义。

关键词： 高速铁路     高速道岔     技术研究    

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Development and technical progress in large-scale circulating fluidized bed boiler in China

Zhong HUANG, Lei DENG, Defu CHE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 699-714 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0666-3

摘要： Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers has realized the clean and efficient utilization of inferior coal like gangue and coal slime, high sulfur coal, anthracite, petroleum coke, oil shale and other resources. As a country with the largest amount of CFB boilers and the largest installed capacity in the world, China has 440 100–600 MW CFB boilers with a total capacity of 82.29 GW , including 227 units of 135 MW , 95 units of 300 MW , and 24 supercritical units. The statistics of typical 100–300 MW CFB boilers showed that the average number of unplanned shut-down was only 0.37 times per year, among which the 135 MW was 0.26 times per year and 300 MW was 0.46 times per year. The auxiliary power ratio of some 300 MW CFB boilers based on flow-pattern reconstruction can be reduced to about 4%, which is closed to the same level of pulverized coal (PC) boilers. This paper summarizes the development process and application status of China’s large-scale CFB boilers, analyzes the characteristics and technical performance of the iconic units, and introduces solutions to the problems such as water wall wear and bottom ash cooling.

关键词： CFB boiler     installed capacity     reliability     economics     ultra-low emission     China    

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Analysis of effect of different construction methods of piles on the end effect on skin friction of piles

ZHOU Hongbo, CHEN Zhuchang

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第4期   页码 458-463 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0062-7

摘要： Based on the comparative analysis of end effect on skin friction of displacement-pile (driven pile), the end effect on skin friction of bored pile is studied. The end effect on skin friction between driven pile and bored pile is different and the end effect on skin friction of bored pile is reduce of skin friction in the soil layer adjacent to the pile end. The degradation degree of skin friction is deduced with the increase of the distance from pile end. The concept of additional mud cake formed by the effect of cushion at the bottom of borehole during pouring concrete is introduced to explain the mechanism of end effect on skin friction of the bored pile. The test results of post-grouting piles indicate that the post-grouting technique is an effective way to improve the end effect on skin friction of bored pile.

关键词： distance     different     concept     additional     bottom    

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中国农业生态工程的主要技术类型

卞有生

《中国工程科学》 1999年 第1卷 第2期   页码 83-86

摘要：

农业生态工程是生态农业建设的重要内容，是实施生态农业建设的重要措施和技术手段。其实质是应用生态学原理，结合系统工程方法和现代技术手段，建立农业资源高效利用的生产方式和实施农业可持续发展的技术体系。作者在理论研究和多年实践的基础上，系统总结、介绍了当前我国农业生态工程10种主要的技术类型：充分利用空间和土地资源的农林立体结构生态系统；物质能量多层分级利用系统；水陆交换的物质循环生态系统；相互促进的生物物种共生生态系统；农-渔-禽水生生态系统；多功能的污水自净工程系统；山区综合开发的复合生态系统；沿海滩涂和荡滩资源开发利用的湿地生态系统；以庭院经济为主的院落生态系统；多功能的农副工联合生态系统。

关键词： 农业生态工程     生态农业     技术类型    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Synthesis of crystals and particles by crystallization and polymerization in droplet-based microfluidic devices

Jingtao WANG, Jin ZHANG, Junjie HAN,

期刊论文

Pathway to energy technical innovation and commercialization based on Internet plus DES

Huiping LIU

期刊论文

Family planning technical services in China

Shang-Chun WU

期刊论文

Creating technical heritage object replicas in a virtual environment

Olga EGOROVA,Dmitry SHCHERBININ

期刊论文

On Social-technical Control of Safety Development in Economic Transition Background

Xue-qiu He,Song Li

期刊论文

IMPACTS OF TECHNICAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE ADOPTION OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND BIOPESTICIDES AMONG FARMERS

期刊论文

Influences of Technical Innovation Mode on Innovation Strategy of Energy Enterprises

Lu Zhang,Dan-dan Wang,Min Wang,Ning Hui

期刊论文

基于体系能力的舰船装备保障工程规划

朱石坚

期刊论文

Evaluating R&D efficiency of China’s listed lithium battery enterprises

期刊论文

A review on different theoretical models of electrocaloric effect for refrigeration

期刊论文

Key technical innovations in the construction of Baihetan Hydropower Station Project

期刊论文

中国铁路高速道岔技术研究

何华武

期刊论文

Development and technical progress in large-scale circulating fluidized bed boiler in China

Zhong HUANG, Lei DENG, Defu CHE

期刊论文

Analysis of effect of different construction methods of piles on the end effect on skin friction of piles

ZHOU Hongbo, CHEN Zhuchang

期刊论文

中国农业生态工程的主要技术类型

卞有生

期刊论文